Design, synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of tetrahydro-ß-carboline histone deacetylase inhibitors bearing an aliphatic chain linker.

The use of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) is an effective approach for cancer treatment. In this work, a series of hydroxamic acid-based HDACis with a tetrahydro-ß-carboline core and aliphatic linker have been designed and synthesized. The optimal compound 13d potently inhibited HDAC1 and showed good antiproliferative activity against different tumor cell lines in vitro. Molecular docking of 13d was conducted to rationalize the high binding affinity for HDAC1. Therefore, this work provides a new structure design for HDAC inhibitors and also offers a promising treatment for solid tumors.

Aberrant functional connectivity associated with drug response in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the local functional activity and connectivity features of the brain associated with drug response inpatients newly diagnosed with epilepsy (NDE) who are naïve to anti-seizure medication (ASM). METHODS: Recruited patients, underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, and were assigned to the well-controlled (WC, n = 28) or uncontrolled (UC, n = 11) groups based on their response to ASM. Healthy participants were included in the control group (HC, n = 29). The amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF) were used to measure local functional activity, and voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) were used to evaluate the connecting intensity of the brain areas. RESULTS: Compared to the HC and WC groups, the UC group had higher ALFF values in the left posterior central gyrus (PoCG.L) and left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG.L) and higher DC in the bilateral PoCG (Gaussian random field correction, voxel-level P < 0.001, and cluster-level P < 0.05). Both PoCG and ITG.L in the UC group showed stronger FC with multiple brain regions, mainly located in the occipital and temporal lobes, compared to the HC or WC group, while the WC group showed decreased or similar FC compared to the HC group. INTERPRETATION: Excessive enhancement of brain functional activity or connecting intensity in ASM-naïve patients with NDE may be associated with a higher risk of poor drug response.

Investigating the association between inflammation mediated by mushroom consumption and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults.

Background: Chronic inflammatory stimulation is a major risk factor for mild cognitive impairment. Mushroom consumption and inflammatory factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment. Additionally, consuming mushrooms can reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines and preserve cognitive function. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between mushroom consumption and serum inflammatory cytokines and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Binary logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between mushroom consumption and MCI in 550 participants. Subsequently, mediation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between mushroom consumption, inflammatory factors, and the Montreal Cognitive assessment (MoCA) score in 248 participants. Results: Mushroom consumption was associated with MCI (odds ratio = 0.623, 95% confidence interval = 0.542-0.715, P < 0.001). The association between mushroom intake and MCI was mediated by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and the MoCA score was 12.76% and 47.59%, respectively. Conclusion: A high intake of mushrooms was associated with a low risk of MCI. Serum inflammatory factors including IL-6 and hs-CRP play a partial mediating role between mushroom intake and the MoCA score, and the underlying mechanism needs to be further explored.

Impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage in Listeria monocytogenes infection.

Previous studies have demonstrated an association between lymphatic vessels and diseases caused by bacterial infections. Listeria monocytogenes (LM) bacterial infection can affect multiple organs, including the intestine, brain, liver and spleen, which can be fatal. However, the impacts of LM infection on morphological and functional changes of lymphatic vessels remain unexplored. In this study, we found that LM infection not only induces meningeal and mesenteric lymphangiogenesis in mice, but also impairs meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs)-mediated macromolecules drainage. Interestingly, we found that the genes associated with lymphatic vessel development and function, such as Gata2 and Foxc2, were downregulated, suggesting that LM infection may affect cellular polarization and valve development. On the other hand, photodynamic ablation of MLVs exacerbated inflammation and bacterial load in the brain of mice with LM infection. Overall, our findings indicate that LM infection induces lymphangiogenesis and may affect cell polarization, cavity formation, and valve development during lymphangiogenesis, ultimately impairing MLVs drainage.

Effect of MVF Combined with FES on Limb Function Recovery and Fine Function Rehabilitation of Hemiplegic Patients after ACI.

Background: This study assesses the efficacy of mirror visual feedback (MVF) combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) in rehabilitating limb function and fine motor skills in hemiplegic patients after acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Given the limited research in this area, this study aims to provide insights into innovative rehabilitation techniques. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 106 post-ACI hemiplegic patients, split into two groups of 53 each. One group received conventional training plus FES, while the other group underwent MVF combined with FES. Key metrics like walking parameters, the modified Lindmark score, center of gravity movement speed, Fugl-Meyer Motor function (FMA) score, fall index, Berg score, and Time-Up-Go Time (TUGT) were measured to evaluate the effectiveness. Results: In the study, significant improvements were observed in the observation group compared to the control group. The Modified Lindmark Scores for sensory function, motor coordination, and total scores in the observation group improved to 6.85±0.72, 15.77±2.25, and 22.62±2.78 respectively post-treatment, surpassing the control group's scores of 5.77±0.68, 13.92±1.87, and 19.69±2.45. In terms of FMA score, fall index, Berg score, and TUGT time, the observation group showed remarkable improvement: the FMA score increased from 43.69±4.51 to 67.25±7.04, the fall index decreased from 55.74±8.76 to 42.08±5.97, the Berg score rose from 31.03±6.28 to 43.11±6.71, and the TUGT time was reduced from 30.78±6.59s to 18.57±3.26s. These changes were significantly better than those in the control group, with all P = .000, indicating statistically significant improvements. Conclusion: The results indicate that the combination of MVF and FES is more effective in improving limb function, hand fine movements, and balance in hemiplegic patients post-ACI compared to FES alone. This suggests that integrating MVF with FES may be a more beneficial approach in stroke rehabilitation. Future research is advised to explore larger sample sizes and long-term effects, offering guidance for developing more effective treatment and rehabilitation plans. This study suggests that integrating mirror visual feedback and functional electrical stimulation into stroke rehabilitation could significantly enhance recovery, potentially influencing clinical practices and rehabilitation policies. Future studies should explore the long-term effects, applicability to diverse patient groups, and cost-effectiveness of these combined therapies.

Identification of four biotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy via machine learning on brain images.

Artificial intelligence provides an opportunity to try to redefine disease subtypes based on similar pathobiology. Using a machine-learning algorithm (Subtype and Stage Inference) with cross-sectional MRI from 296 individuals with focal epilepsy originating from the temporal lobe (TLE) and 91 healthy controls, we show phenotypic heterogeneity in the pathophysiological progression of TLE. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (number: ChiCTR2200062562). We identify two hippocampus-predominant phenotypes, characterized by atrophy beginning in the left or right hippocampus; a third cortex-predominant phenotype, characterized by hippocampus atrophy after the neocortex; and a fourth phenotype without atrophy but amygdala enlargement. These four subtypes are replicated in the independent validation cohort (109 individuals). These subtypes show differences in neuroanatomical signature, disease progression and epilepsy characteristics. Five-year follow-up observations of these individuals reveal differential seizure outcomes among subtypes, indicating that specific subtypes may benefit from temporal surgery or pharmacological treatment. These findings suggest a diverse pathobiological basis underlying focal epilepsy that potentially yields to stratification and prognostication - a necessary step for precise medicine.

The Idesia polycarpa genome provides insights into its evolution and oil biosynthesis.

The deciduous tree Idesia polycarpa can provide premium edible oil with high polyunsaturated fatty acid contents. Here, we generate its high-quality reference genome, which is ∼1.21 Gb, comprising 21 pseudochromosomes and 42,086 protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic and genomic synteny analyses show that it diverged with Populus trichocarpa about 16.28 million years ago. Notably, most fatty acid biosynthesis genes are not only increased in number in its genome but are also highly expressed in the fruits. Moreover, we identify, through genome-wide association analysis and RNA sequencing, the I. polycarpa SUGAR TRANSPORTER 5 (IpSTP5) gene as a positive regulator of high oil accumulation in the fruits. Silencing of IpSTP5 by virus-induced gene silencing causes a significant reduction of oil content in the fruits, suggesting it has the potential to be used as a molecular marker to breed the high-oil-content cultivars. Our results collectively lay the foundation for breeding the elite cultivars of I. polycarpa.

Multi-omics dataset of bovine mammary epithelial cells stimulated by ten different essential amino acids.

Application of high-throughput sequencing and screening help to detect the transcriptional and metabolic discrepancies in organs provided with various levels of nutrients. The influences of individual essential amino acid (EAA) administration on transcriptomic and metabolomic profilings of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were systematically investigated. A RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry generated a comprehensive comparison of transcriptomics, non-targeted metabolomics and targeted amino acids profilings of BMECs with individual EAA stimulation by turn. The sequencing data and raw LC-MS/MS data of samples were presented in the databases of Gene Expression Omnibus, MetaboLights and Figshare for efficient reuse, including exploring the divergences in metabolisms between different EAAs and screening valuable genes and metabolites regulating casein synthesis.

Nox2 inhibition reduces trophoblast ferroptosis in preeclampsia via the STAT3/GPX4 pathway.

AIMS: Ferroptosis, a novel mode of cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). The aim of this study is to determine the role of Nox2 in the ferroptosis of trophoblast cells, along with the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: The mRNA and protein levels of Nox2, STAT3, and GPX4 in placental tissues and trophoblast cells were respectively detected by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. CCK8, transwell invasion and tube formation assays were used to evaluate the function of trophoblast cells. Ferroptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry and the lipid peroxidation assay. Glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration were investigated by detecting the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) using Seahorse extracellular flux technology. The t-test or one-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. KEY FINDINGS: Nox2 was up-regulated while STAT3 and GPX4 were down-regulated in PE placental tissues. Nox2 knockdown inhibited ferroptosis in trophoblast cells, which was shown by enhanced proliferation and invasion, decreased ROS and lipid peroxide levels, and reduced glycolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nox2 negatively correlated with MVD in PE placentas, and Nox2 knockdown restored ferroptosis-inhibited tube formation. Nox2 could interact with STAT3. Inhibiting Nox2 restored ferroptosis-induced alterations in the mRNA and protein levels of STAT3 and GPX4. SIGNIFICANCE: Nox2 may trigger ferroptosis through the STAT3/GPX4 pathway, subsequently leading to regulation of mitochondrial respiration, transition of glycolysis, and inhibition of placental angiogenesis. Therefore, targeted inhibition of Nox2 is expected to become a new therapeutic target for PE.

EGCG oxidation-derived polymers induce apoptosis in digestive tract cancer cells via regulating the renin-angiotensin system.

Green tea polyphenol (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been well studied for its biological activities in the prevention of chronic diseases. However, the biological activities of EGCG oxidation-derived polymers remain unclear. Previously, we found that these polymers accumulated in intraperitoneal tissues after intraperitoneal injection and gained an advantage over native EGCG in increasing insulin sensitivity via regulating the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in type 2 diabetic mice. The present study determined the pro-apoptosis activities and anticancer mechanisms of the EGCG oxidation-derived polymer preparation (the >10 kDa EGCG polymers) in digestive tract cancer cells. Upon incubation of the >10 kDa EGCG polymers with CaCo2 colon cancer cells, these polymers coated the cell surface and regulated multiple components of the RAS in favor of cancer inhibition, including the downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin-II (AngII) and AngII receptor type 1 (AT1R) in the pro-tumor axis, as well as the upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and angiotensin1-7 (Ang(1-7)) in the anti-tumor axis. The treatment also markedly increased angiotensinogen (AGT), which is the precursor of the angiotensin peptides. The regulation of these RAS components occurred prior to apoptosis. Similar pro-apoptotic mechanisms of the >10 kDa EGCG polymers, were also observed in TCA8113 oral cancer cells. The >10 kDa EGCG polymers exhibited compromised activities in scavenging or initiating reactive oxygen species compared to EGCG, but gained a higher reactivity toward sulfhydryl groups, including protein cysteine thiols. We propose that the polymers bind onto the cell surface and regulate multiple RAS components by reacting with the sulfhydryl groups on the ectodomains of transmembrane proteins.

Effects of PRRT2 mutation on brain gray matter networks in paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia.

Although proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 is the primary causative gene of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, its effects on the brain structure of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients are not yet clear. Here, we explored the influence of proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 mutations on similarity-based gray matter morphological networks in individuals with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. A total of 51 paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients possessing proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 mutations, 55 paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients possessing proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 non-mutation, and 80 healthy controls participated in the study. We analyzed the structural connectome characteristics across groups by graph theory approaches. Relative to paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients possessing proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 non-mutation and healthy controls, paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients possessing proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 mutations exhibited a notable increase in characteristic path length and a reduction in both global and local efficiency. Relative to healthy controls, both patient groups showed reduced nodal metrics in right postcentral gyrus, right angular, and bilateral thalamus; Relative to healthy controls and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients possessing proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 non-mutation, paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients possessing proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 mutations showed almost all reduced nodal centralities and structural connections in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuit including bilateral supplementary motor area, bilateral pallidum, and right caudate nucleus. Finally, we used support vector machine by gray matter network matrices to classify paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients possessing proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 mutations and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients possessing proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 non-mutation, achieving an accuracy of 73%. These results show that proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 related gray matter network deficits may contribute to paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, offering new insights into its pathophysiological mechanisms.

Differential cortical gray matter changes in early- and late-onset patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Age at onset may be an important feature associated with distinct subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Little is known about the neuropathological mechanism of early-onset ALS (EO-ALS) and late-onset ALS (LO-ALS). Ninety ALS patients were divided into EO-ALS and LO-ALS group, and 128 healthy controls were matched into young controls(YCs) and old controls (OCs). A voxel-based morphometry approach was employed to investigate differences in gray matter volume (GMV). Significant age at onset-by-diagnosis interactions were found in the left parietal operculum, left precentral gyrus, bilateral postcentral gyrus, right occipital gyrus, and right orbitofrontal cortex. Post hoc analysis revealed a significant decrease in GMV in all affected regions of EO-ALS patients compared with YCs, with increased GMV in 5 of the 6 brain regions, except for the right orbitofrontal cortex, in LO-ALS patients compared with OCs. LO-ALS patients had a significantly increased GMV than EO-ALS patients after removing the aging effect. Correspondingly, GMV of the left postcentral gyrus correlated with disease severity in the 2 ALS groups. Our findings suggested that the pathological mechanisms in ALS patients with different ages at onset might differ. These findings provide unique insight into the clinical and biological heterogeneity of the 2 ALS subtypes.

Comparative phylogenomics and phylotranscriptomics provide insights into the genetic complexity of nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbiosis.

Plant root-nodule symbiosis (RNS) with mutualistic nitrogen-fixing bacteria is restricted to a single clade of angiosperms, the Nitrogen-Fixing Nodulation Clade (NFNC), and is best understood in the legume family. Nodulating species share many commonalities, explained either by divergence from a common ancestor over 100 million years ago or by convergence following independent origins over that same time period. Regardless, comparative analyses of diverse nodulation syndromes can provide insights into constraints on nodulation-what must be acquired or cannot be lost for a functional symbiosis-and the latitude for variation in the symbiosis. However, much remains to be learned about nodulation, especially outside of legumes. Here, we employed a large-scale phylogenomic analysis across 88 species, complemented by 151 RNA-seq libraries, to elucidate the evolution of RNS. Our phylogenomic analyses further emphasize the uniqueness of the transcription factor NIN as a master regulator of nodulation and identify key mutations that affect its function across the NFNC. Comparative transcriptomic assessment revealed nodule-specific upregulated genes across diverse nodulating plants, while also identifying nodule-specific and nitrogen-response genes. Approximately 70% of symbiosis-related genes are highly conserved in the four representative species, whereas defense-related and host-range restriction genes tend to be lineage specific. Our study also identified over 900 000 conserved non-coding elements (CNEs), over 300 000 of which are unique to sampled NFNC species. NFNC-specific CNEs are enriched with the active H3K9ac mark and are correlated with accessible chromatin regions, thus representing a pool of candidate regulatory elements for genes involved in RNS. Collectively, our results provide novel insights into the evolution of nodulation and lay a foundation for engineering of RNS traits in agriculturally important crops.

14-3-3-η interacts with BCL-2 to protect human endothelial progenitor cells from ox-LDL-triggered damage.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) causes dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and we recently reported that 14-3-3-η can attenuate the damage triggered by ox-LDL in EPCs. However, the molecular mechanisms by which 14-3-3-η protects EPCs from the damage caused by ox-LDL are not fully understood. In this study, we observed that the expression of 14-3-3-η and BCL-2 were downregulated in ox-LDL-treated EPCs. Overexpression of 14-3-3-η in ox-LDL-treated EPC significantly increased BCL-2 level, while knockdown of BCL-2 reduced 14-3-3-η expression and mitigated the protective effect of 14-3-3-η on EPCs. In addition, we discovered that 14-3-3-η colocalizes and interacts with BCL-2 in EPCs. Taken together, these data suggest that 14-3-3-η protects EPCs from ox-LDL-induced damage by its interaction with BCL-2.

Correlation between AI-based CT organ features and normal lung dose in adjuvant radiotherapy following breast-conserving surgery: a multicenter prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is one of the common side effects after adjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer. Irradiation dose to normal lung was related to RP. We aimed to propose an organ features based on deep learning (DL) model and to evaluate the correlation between normal lung dose and organ features. METHODS: Patients with pathology-confirmed invasive breast cancer treated with adjuvant radiotherapy following breast-conserving surgery in four centers were included. From 2019 to 2020, a total of 230 patients from four nationwide centers in China were screened, of whom 208 were enrolled for DL modeling, and 22 patients from another three centers formed the external testing cohort. The subset of the internal testing cohort (n = 42) formed the internal correlation testing cohort for correlation analysis. The outline of the ipsilateral breast was marked with a lead wire before the scanning. Then, a DL model based on the High-Resolution Net was developed to detect the lead wire marker in each slice of the CT images automatically, and an in-house model was applied to segment the ipsilateral lung region. The mean and standard deviation of the distance error, the average precision, and average recall were used to measure the performance of the lead wire marker detection model. Based on these DL model results, we proposed an organ feature, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated between the proposed organ feature and ipsilateral lung volume receiving 20 Gray (Gy) or more (V20). RESULTS: For the lead wire marker detection model, the mean and standard deviation of the distance error, AP (5 mm) and AR (5 mm) reached 3.415 ± 4.529, 0.860, 0.883, and 4.189 ± 8.390, 0.848, 0.830 in the internal testing cohort and external testing cohort, respectively. The proposed organ feature calculated from the detected marker correlated with ipsilateral lung V20 (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.542 with p < 0.001 in the internal correlation testing cohort and 0.554 with p = 0.008 in the external testing cohort). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed artificial Intelligence-based CT organ feature was correlated with normal lung dose in adjuvant radiotherapy following breast-conserving surgery in patients with invasive breast cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05609058 (08/11/2022).

Should All Pancreatic Cystic Lesions with Worrisome or High-Risk Features Be Resected? A Clinical and Radiological Machine Learning Model May Help to Answer.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: According to current guidelines, pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) with worrisome or high-risk features may have overtreatment. The purpose of this study was to build a clinical and radiological based machine-learning (ML) model to identify malignant PCLs for surgery among preoperative PCLs with worrisome or high-risk features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and radiological details of 317 pathologically confirmed PCLs with worrisome or high-risk features were retrospectively analyzed and applied to ML models including Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree, Bernoulli NB, Gaussian NB, K Nearest Neighbors and Linear Discriminant Analysis. The diagnostic ability for malignancy of the optimal model with the highest diagnostic AUC in the cross-validation procedure was further evaluated in internal (n = 77) and external (n = 50) testing cohorts, and was compared to two published guidelines in internal mucinous cyst cohort. RESULTS: Ten clinical and radiological feature-based LR model was the optimal model with the highest AUC (0.951) in the cross-validation procedure. In the internal testing cohort, LR model reached an AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.927, 0.909, 0.914, and 0.905; in the external testing cohort, LR model reached 0.948, 0.900, 0.963, and 0.826. When compared to the European guidelines and the ACG guidelines, LR model demonstrated significantly better accuracy and specificity in identifying malignancy, while maintaining the same high sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Clinical- and radiological-based LR model can accurately identify malignant PCLs in patients with worrisome or high-risk features, possessing diagnostic performance better than the European guidelines as well as ACG guidelines.

Developmental validation of a novel 8-dye fluorescent typing system with 59 Y-STRs and 3 Y-indels for forensic applications.

An 8-dye fluorescence-labeling forensic Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) kit, the 62-plex Y-STR multiplex amplification system, was developed and optimized. The system was validated by testing PCR conditions, stutter ratios (SR) and peak height ratios, sensitivity, mixture samples, precision and accuracy, species-specificity, and inhibition studies according to the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods guidelines. PCR-based studies showed that the recommended PCR conditions were optimized for this kit. In the sensitivity study, a full profile was obtained from template DNA with a quantity of u125 pg. Consistent profiles were obtained from three different laboratories. The SRs in all loci were less than 15%, and nice balance and suitable average peak height were shown. No peaks were detected in the profiles of common animal species and microorganisms. In the male-male mixture studies, all loci were observed at a ratio of 1:8, and in the male-female mixture study, all alleles could be profiled at a ratio of 1:500 if the male DNA inputs were ≥0.5 ng/µL. An inhibitor study demonstrated that the kit had varying degrees of resistance to the presence of common inhibitors. Population study demonstrated the 62-plex Y-STR Kit improved the power of discrimination in unrelated Chinese Han males (n = 192). When haplotype diversity was 1, the probability of discrimination power of the 62-plex Y-STR Kit was 0.9948, which is suitable for forensic investigations. The results show that the developed 8-dye fluorescence labeling 62 loci system is sensitive, robust, convenient, and highly informative for forensic applications.

Energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and cognitive function in Chinese older adults: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Diet can regulate systemic inflammation, which may play an important role in the development and progression of cognitive impairment and dementia. To explore the relationship between the dietary inflammatory potential and cognitive ability. A total of 2307 adults aged 60 years or older were recruited from the Fujian Provincial Hospital (Fujian, China). Dietary inflammatory properties were analyzed using the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to assess cognitive function. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were fit to assess the associations between variables. The MCI subjects with the highest E-DII scores had a higher risk of AD compared to subjects with the lowest E-DII scores (OR = 1.98, 95%CI = 1.49-2.64, P for trend < 0.001). Subjects with the highest E-DII levels were at increased risk of cognitive impairment compared to those with the lowest E-DII levels (OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.25-1.93, P for trend < 0.001). The link between E-DII and cognitive impairment was significant in a nonlinear dose response analysis (P for nonlinear = 0.001). Higher E-DII scores were associated with an increased risk of developing AD or cognitive impairment. These findings may contribute to the effective prevention of cognitive impairment by constructing a multidisciplinary synergistic prevention strategy and controlling dietary inflammation levels.

Effects of Lentilactobacillus buchneri and Kazachstania bulderi on the Quality and Flavor of Guizhou Fermented Red Sour Soup.

In this study, the effects of Lentilactobacillus buchneri (L. buchneri: CCTCC M 2023228) and Kazachstania bulderi (K. bulderi: CCTCC M 2023227) on the quality characteristics and volatile flavor substances in fermented red sour soup were explored based on natural fermentation. Compared to natural fermentation (nitrite: 5.5 mg/kg; amino acid nitrogen: 0.17 g/100 g; lycopene: 63.73 µg/mL), three fortified fermentation methods using L. buchneri, K. bulderi, and both strains together significantly reduced the concentrations of nitrite (2.62, 2.49, and 2.37 mg/kg), amino acid nitrogen (0.03 g/100 g, 0.02 g/100 g, and 0.05 g/100 g), and lycopene (26.64, 32.45, and 51.89 µg/mL). Total acid content (11.53 g/kg) and lactic acid bacteria count (285.9 ± 1.65 × 106 CFU/mL) were the elements most significantly increased by fortified fermentation with L. buchneri relative to other fermentation methods. A total of 99 volatile compounds were determined in red sour soup and could be roughly classified into alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and esters. Fortified fermentation with two strains and fortified fermentation with K. bulderi increased the content of methyl butanoate and 3-hydroxybutan-2-one-acetoin (D). This study confirmed the effects of L. buchneri and K. bulderi on the quality and flavor of fermented red sour soup and provided a theoretical basis for the fortified fermentation of red sour soup.